My Views and Ideas: Life and Parenting

Answer :- Language That is why Humans are the only rational animals who can argue as Aristotle said.Because Humans can reason. Language is :- 1)important 2)conventional 3)representational(language can not change the facts of the world.Just like calling the tail a leg, wont                                 make the tail a leg. 4)social(language evolves in social setup,following the convention not otherwise.)

- persuasion and justification are not the only reason for arguments. - We also give arguments to Explain. - Explaining is giving someone a reason why something happened(or why it is true) - when you explain something ,you and your audience both believe what you are explaining. The goal of explanation is to help people understand why something is true. Kinds of explanations:- 1)Causal- why did the bridge collapse?      Because there was an earthquake. 2)Teleological(purposeful)- why did Joe go to the grocery store?      to buy milk. 3)Formal- Why doesn't this peg fit in the round hole?         Because the peg is square 4)Material- why is the golf club so light?        Because it is made of Graphite. Some times for a single event all the above four explanation can work. - Narrative kinds of explanations are least effective. - Explanation in the form of arguments are most effective. - ...

- Strong arguments don't always persuade everyone. - even the best arguments can have disbelievers. - It is impossible to make everyone believe in what you believe.

- to persuade - to convince - to give someone a reason for his/her belief or our belief.      - to give someone a reason is not necessarily to convince them or persuade them or change their             belief. Justification - Showing someone a reason to believe the conclusion. - justification tries to give good reasons. - persuasion tries to change your belief or actions Questions to ask:- 1)Is the arguer trying to change someone's mind?     -if so then the purpose is persuasion. 2) Is the arguer trying to give some kind of reason to believe something?      - if so then the purpose is justification .

1) you don't win an argument by hitting some body on his head. 2) you don't win an argument by yelling at someone. 3) you can not win an argument by using abusive and humiliating language or words. 4) complaining wont make you win an argument either. 5) contradicting or denying(disagreeing) wont make you win an argument. Arguing is an intellectual process in which you give a proper reason for your view. An argument is : 1) a series of statements ,sentences or propositions. 2) where some are the premises . 3) one is the conclusion. 4) where the premises are intended to give a reason for the conclusion.

* No one wants unjustified beliefs. * No one wants arbitrary beliefs. - people want reasons for what they think and do. - people need arguments to express their reasons. - people want to avoid mistakes. - people want reasons for what they are thinking. good arguments = good reasons Steps 1) How to analyze arguments 2) How to evaluate deductive arguments 3) How to evaluate inductive arguments 4) How to avoid fallacies.

Case 1 :- F  is a   SUFFICIENT    condition for  G-In normal circumstances. Case 2 :- F  is a   NECESSARY   condition for G- In normal circumstances.